An Empirical Study On The Allocation Of Compulsory Education Resources In Urban And Rural Areas And The Influencing Factors

Education is the foundation of a century-long plan.Compulsory education is the minimum period of education that every school-age child must receive,which is a public welfare undertaking guaranteed by the state.Educational resources include human,material and financial resources involved in the process of education,human resources and material resources are regarded as the monetary manifestation of financial resources.This paper focuses on the current situation of the allocation of educational resources at all stages of compulsory education in urban and rural areas.Nationwide,theil index shows that the gap between urban and rural areas is narrowing to a certain extent,both in terms of the number of teachers and their quality development.The proportion of teachers with bachelor's degree or above in rural primary schools is smaller than that in cities and towns,and the gap is large.Data show that the urban-rural gap in teacher quality is significantly larger than the urban-rural gap in the number of teachers.Of the material resources,the proportion of dilapidated buildings in rural areas is larger than that in cities and towns.The use of computers has gained great popularity between urban and rural areas.theil index shows that the overall gap between urban and rural areas is narrowing.Although the total amount of fixed assets has increased rapidly,the gap between urban and rural areas is large and tends to expand gradually.From an inter-provincial perspective,the average number of classes of teacher resources between urban and rural areas shows that primary schools have experienced a development process of rising first and then falling in the past ten years,while junior high schools have been showing an upward trend.However,the gap still exists.The number of teachers per class in primary schools is smaller in rural areas than in cities and towns,and the number of teachers per class in junior high schools is also smaller in rural areas than in cities and towns.The proportion of teachers with bachelor's degree or above in urban and rural areas is increasing year by year,but the proportion of full-time teachers with bachelor's degree or above in urban areas is significantly higher than that in rural areas.There is an obvious gap between urban and rural areas in terms of material resources at the provincial level,and the level of running schools in cities is much higher than that in rural areas.There are many factors influencing the unbalanced allocation of educational resources,but nothing more than the three subjects involved in the educational process: family,society and government.The empirical test in this paper shows that the improvement of urban and rural per capita income in family factors can significantly improve the allocation of human and material resources,reduce the dependency ratio,reduce the burden on rural families,and increase the demand for material resources.Among social factors,increasing urbanization rate will help to improve the allocation of educational resources in urban and rural areas.Illiteracy ratio has a significantly higher impact in rural areas than in cities and towns.Decreasing illiteracy ratio will increase the demand for educational resources in rural areas.Among the policy factors,adjusting public budget expenditure will significantly improve the conditions for compulsory education in urban and rural areas.Increasing the financial expenditure on agriculture,forestry and water will increase the demand for educational resources in rural areas and narrow the gap in the allocation of educational resources between urban and rural areas.Learning from the experience of foreign compulsory education resources allocation and the factors that can significantly affect the allocation of compulsory education resources in urban and rural areas,this paper finally puts forward some measures to improve the uneven allocation of compulsory education resources in urban and rural areas.Such as changing the financial input system,accelerating urbanization and increasing the policy tilt in rural areas.